SOIL

Description

SOIL (Sustainable Organic Integrated Livelihoods) is a U.S.-registered 501(c)(3) social enterprise founded in 2006 by Dr. Sasha Kramer, Sarah Brownell, and Haitian co-founders including Baudeler Magloire (Wikipedia). It operates exclusively in Haiti, with primary operations in Cap-Haïtien. SOIL delivers container-based sanitation (CBS) through three service lines: EkoLakay household toilets with weekly collection, EkoMobil portable toilet rentals, and EkoMache public market toilets. Collected waste is transported to a 3.3-acre facility and transformed through thermophilic composting into Konpòs Lakay, a lab-tested agricultural compost sold to farmers and reforestation projects (Konpòs Lakay). The business model blends household subscription fees, compost sales, philanthropic grants, and, as of January 2026, government Results-Based Financing payments from DINEPA (Haiti Global First). SOIL currently serves 21,000+ people daily and treats 650+ metric tons of waste annually. More at oursoil.org.

Purpose

Detailed Analysis

SOIL exists to provide safe, dignified, and sustainable sanitation in urban Haiti while regenerating the country's severely depleted soils. Haiti has the lowest sanitation coverage in the Western Hemisphere: less than 1% of human waste is safely treated, and an estimated 3.5 million urban Haitians lack in-home sanitation (SOIL and IDB). The country also faces decades of soil erosion, deforestation, and declining agricultural productivity. SOIL's founding insight was that these two crises could be addressed together by treating human waste not as a disposal problem but as an agricultural resource. Co-founder Dr. Sasha Kramer, an ecologist trained at Stanford, arrived in Haiti as a human rights observer in 2004 and recognized sanitation as the intersection of ecology, public health, and dignity (Sasha Kramer profile). SOIL's mission is to ensure safe, dignified, and sustainable sanitation in urban Haiti, creating a model replicable globally (About SOIL). Its tagline — Dignity, Transformation, Growth — captures the integration of human rights, circular economy, and social enterprise.

Synopsis

Provide safe, dignified sanitation in urban Haiti and restore depleted soils by transforming human waste into agricultural compost.

Customer Model

Customers

Detailed Analysis

SOIL serves four distinct customer types. Household sanitation subscribers are urban and peri-urban families in Cap-Haïtien, Caracol, Fort St-Michel, and Limonade — approximately 3,500 households, 83% of whom never had a private toilet before (SOIL's Impact). Compost buyers are farmers, agricultural businesses, reforestation projects, and urban gardeners purchasing Konpòs Lakay as a soil amendment. Institutional donors and funders include individual donors, foundations (Vitol, Cartier Philanthropy, W.K. Kellogg, Ansara), development banks (IDB Lab), and corporate partners (Who Gives a Crap, World Centric) (ProPublica). Government and institutional partners include Haiti's DINEPA water and sanitation authority, OREPA Nord, the Ministry of Public Health, and municipal governments. Early adopters for the household service were families in dense Cap-Haïtien neighborhoods where pit latrines were impractical. Early compost buyers were research partners and reforestation projects. Early funders were impact-oriented foundations attracted to SOIL's circular economy innovation and research credibility.

Synopsis

• Customer Types: Household sanitation subscribers, compost buyers, institutional donors and funders, government and institutional partners.
• Customer Segments: Urban Haitian families, farmers and reforestation projects, foundations and development banks, Haitian sanitation authorities and municipalities.
• Early Adopters: Cap-Haïtien households without prior sanitation, research-partner farmers, impact-oriented foundations, DINEPA and OREPA Nord officials.

Customer Types Detail

Customer Type 1: Household Sanitation Subscribers

• Type ID: household-sanitation-subscribers

• Segments: Urban families in Cap-Haïtien dense neighborhoods
• Segments: Peri-urban households in Caracol, Fort St-Michel, Limonade
• Segments: Families on hillsides unsuitable for pit latrines
• Segments: Low-income households identified via EquityTool survey

• Early Adopters: Households with no prior private sanitation (83% of current clients)
• Early Adopters: Families in neighborhoods with prior SOIL community trust
• Early Adopters: Households with young children facing diarrhea risk
• Early Adopters: Women-headed households seeking safer in-home sanitation

• Jobs to be Done: Gain private, dignified in-home toilet
• Jobs to be Done: Protect children from waterborne disease exposure
• Jobs to be Done: Avoid unsafe night trips to outdoor facilities
• Jobs to be Done: Eliminate odor, pests, and pit latrine maintenance

• Existing Alternatives: Open defecation
• Existing Alternatives: Unlined pit latrines contaminating groundwater
• Existing Alternatives: Distant shared public latrines
• Existing Alternatives: Expensive septic systems for wealthier households
• Unique Value Proposition: A waterless, odorless, private in-home toilet with professional weekly collection at a subsidized monthly fee.

Customer Type 2: Compost Buyers

• Type ID: compost-buyers

• Segments: Smallholder farmers on degraded soils
• Segments: Agricultural businesses and plantations
• Segments: Reforestation and tree-planting projects
• Segments: Urban gardeners and community planting initiatives

• Early Adopters: Research-partner farmers in crop trials
• Early Adopters: Ecological and organic agriculture advocates
• Early Adopters: NGO-led reforestation programs
• Early Adopters: Food security projects serving malnourished communities

• Jobs to be Done: Restore fertility to depleted agricultural soils
• Jobs to be Done: Improve drought resilience through water retention
• Jobs to be Done: Substitute for expensive imported chemical fertilizer
• Jobs to be Done: Establish tree seedlings in eroded landscapes

• Existing Alternatives: Imported chemical fertilizers
• Existing Alternatives: Animal manure (limited availability)
• Existing Alternatives: No soil amendment (continued degradation)
• Existing Alternatives: Small-scale informal composting
• Unique Value Proposition: Locally produced, lab-tested, WHO-standard agricultural compost with documented nutrient profile and climate benefits.

Customer Type 3: Institutional Donors and Funders

• Type ID: institutional-donors-funders

• Segments: Individual donors including SOIL Cultivators monthly givers
• Segments: Impact foundations (Vitol, Cartier, Kellogg, Ansara)
• Segments: Development finance institutions (IDB Lab)
• Segments: Corporate partners (Who Gives a Crap, World Centric)

• Early Adopters: Ecological and circular economy foundations
• Early Adopters: Ashoka and Schwab Foundation networks
• Early Adopters: WASH-focused philanthropic funders
• Early Adopters: Climate-oriented corporate purpose programs

• Jobs to be Done: Fund measurable, verified social impact
• Jobs to be Done: Support systemic sector change, not just service delivery
• Jobs to be Done: Address climate mitigation alongside sanitation
• Jobs to be Done: Back rigorous, evidence-based social enterprise

• Existing Alternatives: Funding conventional sewerage projects
• Existing Alternatives: Supporting other WASH NGOs
• Existing Alternatives: Emergency relief rather than systems building
• Existing Alternatives: Sanitation programs in less challenging contexts
• Unique Value Proposition: A single investment addressing sanitation, public health, soil regeneration, climate, and local employment with independently verified outcomes.

Customer Type 4: Government and Institutional Partners

• Type ID: government-institutional-partners

• Segments: DINEPA national water and sanitation authority
• Segments: OREPA Nord and OREPA Sud regional authorities
• Segments: Haitian Ministries of Health, Environment, Agriculture
• Segments: Municipal governments of Cap-Haïtien, Limonade, Caracol

• Early Adopters: DINEPA officials engaged through decade-long collaboration
• Early Adopters: Cap-Haïtien municipal leadership
• Early Adopters: OREPA Nord regional staff in Phase 1 RBF
• Early Adopters: Ministry of Public Health community outreach agents

• Jobs to be Done: Fulfill public health mandates around sanitation access
• Jobs to be Done: Extend sanitation coverage without costly sewered infrastructure
• Jobs to be Done: Demonstrate progress on SDG 6 to development partners
• Jobs to be Done: Respond to cholera resurgence and childhood diarrhea

• Existing Alternatives: Conventional sewerage (5x more expensive, infeasible)
• Existing Alternatives: Pit latrine and septic support programs
• Existing Alternatives: Donor-driven emergency sanitation projects
• Existing Alternatives: No formal service (the status quo for most urban Haitians)
• Unique Value Proposition: An operational, proven, scalable CBS service requiring no capital infrastructure, with payments triggered only on verified outcomes.

Jobs to be Done

Detailed Analysis

Beneath surface-level needs, each customer type is hiring SOIL's service to accomplish deeper jobs. Household subscribers are not simply buying sanitation; they are buying dignity, privacy, safety, and a shift in household status — research shows former EkoLakay clients who leave the service seek improved sanitation rather than reverting to pits or open defecation, indicating a permanent change in expectations (Research and Innovation). Compost buyers are hiring Konpòs Lakay to make their land productive and drought-resilient in a country where soil depletion is existential (Konpòs Lakay and drought). Institutional funders are hiring SOIL to deliver verifiable systemic change — not just outputs but sector transformation, including government adoption of CBS as public infrastructure. Government partners are hiring SOIL to meet public health obligations and demonstrate SDG progress in an environment where conventional infrastructure is politically and financially impossible. Across all four types, the underlying job is the same: making the impossible — safe sanitation in fragile urban Haiti — reliably possible.

Synopsis

• Households: Gain dignity, privacy, safety, and permanent access to in-home sanitation.
• Compost buyers: Restore fertility and drought resilience to depleted agricultural soils.
• Funders: Deliver verified systemic impact across sanitation, health, climate, and livelihoods.
• Government: Meet sanitation and health mandates without capital-intensive infrastructure.

Existing Alternatives

Detailed Analysis

Before SOIL, each customer type faced inadequate options. Household customers relied on open defecation, unlined pit latrines (which contaminate groundwater and require unsafe desludging), distant or unsafe shared public facilities, or, for wealthier families, septic systems feeding untreated waste into open environments. Less than 1% of Haiti's human waste is safely treated nationally (SOIL Haiti case study). Compost buyers depended on expensive imported chemical fertilizers, limited animal manure, or — most commonly — no soil amendment at all, accelerating the degradation of already-depleted land. Institutional funders supported conventional sewerage projects (prohibitively expensive and infeasible in Haiti's context), other WASH NGOs focused on hardware distribution rather than ongoing service, or emergency relief programs that never achieved systemic change. Government partners had no viable alternatives for extending sanitation coverage: sewered infrastructure would cost more than five times SOIL's per-household service, and Haiti has never had a sanitary lined landfill (SOIL and IDB). In every case, SOIL's circular CBS model competes less with peer services than with the do-nothing baseline.

Synopsis

• Households: Open defecation, pit latrines, shared public latrines, septic systems.
• Compost buyers: Imported chemical fertilizer, animal manure, no soil amendment.
• Funders: Conventional sewerage projects, other WASH NGOs, emergency relief.
• Government: Sewered infrastructure (infeasible), pit latrine support, or no service.

Unique Value Proposition (UVP)

Detailed Analysis

SOIL's value propositions differ by customer type but share a common thread: delivering what existing alternatives cannot. For households, the benefit is a private, waterless, odorless in-home toilet with professional weekly service at a subsidized fee — eliminating infrastructure, water, and pit requirements that make conventional sanitation impossible in dense Haitian neighborhoods. Each toilet also saves roughly 19,000 gallons of water per year compared to a flush toilet (SOIL's Impact). For compost buyers, the benefit is lab-tested, WHO-standard agricultural compost produced locally, with a documented nutrient profile and climate benefits unavailable from any other Haitian source (Frontiers soil study). For institutional funders, the benefit is verified systemic impact across six dimensions — sanitation, health, soil, climate, livelihoods, and gender equity — delivered with 92–93% program efficiency and independent RBF verification. For government partners, the benefit is an operational, proven sanitation service requiring no capital infrastructure, with payments triggered only on verified outcomes. In every case, SOIL offers the only viable path to the outcome customers actually want.

Synopsis

• Households: Private, waterless in-home sanitation with professional weekly service.
• Compost buyers: Lab-tested, locally produced, WHO-standard agricultural compost with documented benefits.
• Funders: Verified multi-dimensional impact across sanitation, health, climate, and livelihoods.
• Government: Proven scalable sanitation service with no capital infrastructure required.

Solution

Detailed Analysis

SOIL's solution is an integrated four-part circular system. First, waterless urine-diverting toilets with sealable 15-gallon containers are installed in client households; cover material (sugarcane bagasse) is provided to eliminate odor. Second, weekly collection teams using three-wheelers and trucks replace full containers with sanitized empty ones along routes optimized with DataKind algorithms (DataKind paper). Third, collected waste is transported to SOIL's 3.3-acre facility and processed through thermophilic windrow composting, reaching temperatures that meet WHO pathogen-destruction standards over a 4–6 month cycle; recent upgrades include a mechanical windrow turner and tub grinder (Windrow composting). Fourth, the finished compost is lab-tested, sieved, bagged, and sold as Konpòs Lakay to farmers and reforestation projects (Konpòs Lakay). Portable EkoMobil toilets serve events and construction sites; EkoMache public toilets serve the central market. The entire system requires no water, no sewerage, and no pit excavation, making it deployable in dense urban areas where conventional sanitation is impossible.

Synopsis

Waterless in-home toilets with weekly collection, transported to a composting facility and transformed into lab-tested agricultural compost.

Impact Model

Issue

Detailed Analysis

Haiti has the lowest sanitation coverage in the Western Hemisphere. Only 34% of urban Haitians have access to improved sanitation, and less than 1% of all human waste is safely treated. Approximately 3.5 million urban Haitians lack in-home sanitation (SOIL and IDB). The consequences are severe: Haiti has the highest incidence of childhood diarrhea globally, and approximately 10 children die every day from waterborne illnesses (Public health). The country experienced one of the largest cholera epidemics in modern history beginning in 2010, with a resurgence in 2022 producing 79,000+ suspected cases by early 2024. Simultaneously, Haiti's agricultural soils have suffered decades of erosion and nutrient depletion; over 20% of children are malnourished, and the country ranks as the third most climate-vulnerable nation globally. The ongoing security crisis — 16,000+ killed since 2022 and 1.5 million internally displaced — makes conventional infrastructure development infeasible (UNODC Haiti explainer). Haiti has never had a sanitary lined landfill. Sewered sanitation would cost more than five times SOIL's per-household service.

Synopsis

Less than 1% of Haiti's human waste is safely treated, driving the world's highest childhood diarrhea rates and severe soil depletion.

Participants

Detailed Analysis

SOIL's impact depends on a broad network of participants. Staff number over 130, with more than 90% hired locally from the neighborhoods served; roles include collection crew members, depot managers, composting technicians, lab staff, community marketing agents, and program coordinators (Who We Are). Executive leadership includes Dr. Sasha Kramer (Executive Director), Nick Preneta (COO), Melanie Stevenson (CFO), and Maya Lubeck-Schricker (Director of Research and Innovation). Client households are active participants, adopting new sanitation practices and providing feedback. Research partners include UC Merced, Aquaya Institute, Statistics Without Borders, and DataKind. Haitian government partners include DINEPA, OREPA Nord, Cap-Haïtien and Limonade municipalities, and the Ministry of Public Health whose agents accompany community marketing events (Government partners). Verification is conducted independently by CLE (Centre Haïtien du Leadership et de l'Excellence). International allies include the Container-Based Sanitation Alliance and peer CBS providers (Sanergy, Clean Team, Sanivation, Loowatt, Fresh Life). Board members serve without pay and include Haitian cultural and civic leaders.

Synopsis

Haitian staff, client households, government authorities, research partners, verifiers, international donors, and the CBS Alliance network.

Activities

Detailed Analysis

SOIL's activities span five linked operational domains. Service delivery is the largest: daily weekly-cycle collection routes across Cap-Haïtien and expansion communities, container sanitization, customer onboarding, and payment collection transitioning to mobile pay. Waste treatment involves facility management, windrow construction and turning, temperature monitoring, pathogen testing, and compost quality assurance. Customer acquisition and retention includes community marketing events held alongside Ministry of Public Health agents, satisfaction surveys, and churn research informing differential pricing. Research and innovation covers university partnerships with UC Merced, peer-reviewed studies on greenhouse gas impacts, composting optimization, soil health outcomes, carbon quantification, and experimental work on Black Soldier Fly larvae and biochar (Research and Innovation). Government and sector engagement includes DINEPA partnership management, RBF contract administration, independent verification, advocacy at World Water Week and the Outcomes Finance Alliance Summit, and leadership within the Container-Based Sanitation Alliance (CBSA 2025 report). These activities reinforce each other: operations generate data, research improves operations, and both build credibility for funding and government engagement.

Synopsis

Weekly household waste collection, thermophilic composting, customer engagement, peer-reviewed research, and government and sector advocacy.

Outcomes

Detailed Analysis

SOIL's outcomes chain moves from immediate service delivery to systemic sector change. In the short term, households gain private sanitation (83% for the first time), waste is safely contained, compost production begins, local jobs are created, and community sanitation norms begin shifting. In the medium term, exposure to fecal pathogens declines, childhood diarrhea and cholera risks reduce, compost buyers experience improved soil fertility and drought resilience, and per-household operational costs fall with scale (24% reduction achieved 2016–2020; windrow composting delivered a further 57–64% saving) (BioCycle). Government agencies gain operational confidence in CBS as a public service model. In the long term, the January 2026 DINEPA Results-Based Financing contract — the first government-funded CBS contract globally — marks the transition of CBS from donor-funded project to publicly financed infrastructure (Haiti Global First). If SOIL scales to 8,000 households by 2027, per-capita costs fall from $80 to $20 per year. OREPA Sud's exploration of southern replication signals nationwide potential. Globally, CBS now serves 430,000+ people across 18 countries.

Synopsis

• Short-Term Outcomes: Household sanitation access, safe waste containment, compost production, local jobs, shifting community norms.
• Medium-Term Outcomes: Reduced waterborne disease, improved soil fertility, lower per-household cost, early government adoption of CBS.
• Long-Term Outcomes: Publicly financed CBS as permanent infrastructure, city-wide scale, nationwide replication, sector transformation.

Impact

Detailed Analysis

SOIL's ultimate impact is the transformation of sanitation from a disposal burden into a regenerative public service that simultaneously delivers dignity, public health, ecological restoration, and climate mitigation. Safely managed sanitation reaches households in a country where less than 1% of waste is treated, directly reducing childhood diarrhea and cholera risk. Approximately 200 metric tons of agricultural compost are produced annually from what would otherwise pollute waterways, improving soil micronutrients, organic matter, and drought resilience — peer-reviewed in Frontiers in Environmental Science (Frontiers soil study). Each household offsets roughly one metric ton of CO2eq per year, and research in Nature Climate Change showed CBS can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 93% compared to pit latrines (UC Merced study). Over 130 local jobs sustain livelihoods in the communities served. Women and girls gain safety and dignity through private in-home sanitation. With the DINEPA contract, SOIL's model is beginning to transition CBS from donor-dependent project to publicly financed infrastructure — reframing what sanitation provision in fragile states can look like (SOIL Impact).

Synopsis

Safe sanitation, public health gains, soil regeneration, climate mitigation, local livelihoods, and gender equity, enabled by systemic government adoption.

Economic Model

Channels

Detailed Analysis

SOIL uses distinct acquisition and distribution channels for each customer type. Household customers are acquired through community marketing events conducted alongside Ministry of Public Health agents, word-of-mouth in dense neighborhoods, and visibility from EkoMobil rentals (EkoMobil). Distribution is via weekly door-to-door collection routes using three-wheelers and trucks, optimized with DataKind algorithms; payment is transitioning from cash to mobile. Field operations run on Salesforce CRM and the TaroWorks mobile platform (TaroWorks case study). Compost buyers are reached through direct sales to farmers, agricultural organizations, and reforestation projects, supported by research publications demonstrating Konpòs Lakay's performance. Donors are acquired through SOIL's website (oursoil.org), the GlobalGiving platform, the SOIL Cultivators monthly giving program, social media, and academic publications in Nature Climate Change, PLOS Water, and Frontiers. Government and institutional partners are engaged through long-term relationship building, sector conferences (World Water Week, UNC Water and Health, Outcomes Finance Alliance Summit), and the Container-Based Sanitation Alliance. Geographic operations are concentrated in Cap-Haïtien with expansion into Caracol, Fort St-Michel, and Limonade.

Synopsis

Community events and weekly collection for households; direct sales for compost; website and research publications for donors and government.

Revenue

Detailed Analysis

SOIL's FY2024 total revenue was $2,147,253, with expenses of $2,292,279. Revenue breaks down as follows: grants and donations $1,997,651 (93.0%) from individual donors, foundations (Vitol, Cartier Philanthropy, Kellogg, Ansara), development banks (IDB Lab), and corporate partners (Who Gives a Crap, World Centric); program service revenue $123,819 (5.8%) from EkoLakay subscription fees (~$3.20/month per household), Konpòs Lakay compost sales, and EkoMobil rentals; investment income $22,139 (1.0%); other $3,644 (0.2%) (ProPublica 990 filings). Grants have consistently represented 90–99% of revenue historically. Emerging revenue streams include the January 2026 DINEPA Results-Based Financing contract (first government-funded CBS contract globally) covering ~1,400 households, carbon revenue through direct partnerships (e.g., Global Water Intelligence), and IDB Lab's Outcomes for Change Fund (Phase 2 launch). SOIL and Fresh Life together have mobilized $4.5 million in outcome-based funding. SOIL openly acknowledges that sanitation globally requires blended financing from users and public subsidy. Net assets stood at $1,889,419 as of September 2024.

Synopsis

Grants and donations 93%, subscription and compost revenue 6%, investment and other 1%, with emerging government RBF and carbon revenue.

Costs

Detailed Analysis

SOIL's FY2024 expenses totaled $2,292,279. Staff compensation accounted for $1,083,154 (47.3%), reflecting 130+ employees with competitive wages and benefits for the local market. All other expenses totaled $1,209,125 (52.7%) (ProPublica 990 filings). Major cost drivers include collection operations (fuel for three-wheelers and trucks, container logistics, sanitization — fuel costs are volatile and vulnerable to port closures), composting facility operations (land lease, bagasse cover material, windrow management, lab testing, and recent equipment purchases including a ~$30K windrow turner and ~$30K tub grinder), transport of waste from collection points to the composting facility, technology infrastructure (Salesforce, TaroWorks, data dashboards), and research expenditures through university partnerships. No professional fundraising fees appear in filings. SOIL achieved a 24% reduction in EkoLakay program costs during 2016–2020 through route optimization, mobile payment, and process improvements (Financial Stewardship). The transition from bin to windrow composting delivered an additional 57–64% cost reduction at current scale. At full city-scale (8,000 households), per-capita costs could fall from $80/year to $20/year.

Synopsis

Staff compensation 47%; collection, composting, transport, technology, and research operations 53%; heavy focus on cost reduction at scale.

Advantage

Detailed Analysis

SOIL holds several compounding advantages unavailable to new entrants. Twenty years of continuous operations through earthquake, hurricanes, cholera, political collapse, and gang violence have built institutional resilience that cannot be quickly replicated. Research credibility is unique in the CBS sector: peer-reviewed publications in Nature Climate Change, PLOS Water, Frontiers in Environmental Science, and Environment and Urbanization underpin both operational improvements and funder confidence (Research and Innovation). Government partnership depth, built over a decade, produced the January 2026 DINEPA contract — the first government-funded CBS contract globally (Haiti Global First). The full circular economy model, integrating thermophilic composting from inception, is distinctive; other CBS providers use Black Soldier Fly larvae (Sanergy), briquettes (Sanivation), or government treatment facilities (Clean Team). Sector leadership as a co-founder of the Container-Based Sanitation Alliance gives SOIL influence over global standards and recognition by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (CBSA 2025 report). Over 90% local Haitian staffing provides operational legitimacy and community trust. Together these advantages create a reinforcing system where research strengthens operations, operations strengthen funding, and funding strengthens government adoption.

Synopsis

Two decades in Haiti, unmatched research credibility, deep government partnership, full circular model, and CBS Alliance sector leadership.

Key Metrics

Detailed Analysis

SOIL tracks and publicly reports metrics across customer, impact, and economic dimensions. Customer metrics include people served daily (21,000+), households enrolled (~3,500, with a Phase 2 target of 4,600), customer retention and churn, and installations per quarter (Phase 1 RBF exceeded target by 70%) (SOIL's Impact). Impact metrics include metric tons of waste treated annually (650+), metric tons of compost produced (~200), CO2eq offset per household per year (~1 MT), greenhouse gas reduction versus pit latrines (up to 93%), and water savings per household (19,000 gallons/year vs. flush toilet). Economic metrics include program spending efficiency (92–93% of every dollar), cost per household (~$40/month operational, ~$3.20/month user fee, projected $20/capita/year at full scale), and program cost reduction (24% during 2016–2020; 57–64% composting savings). Under the RBF framework, metrics are independently verified quarterly by CLE. SOIL is building a data quality dashboard with Statistics Without Borders (Data dashboard). Health outcome metrics are under development by the new Research Director.

Synopsis

People served, waste treated, compost produced, CO2eq offset, program efficiency, cost per household, independently verified quarterly.

---

Final Analysis

Detailed Assessment

SOIL integrates purpose, customer value, and economic sustainability with unusual coherence. The core insight — that human waste and depleted soil are two sides of the same ecological problem — generates a business model in which every activity serves multiple outcomes simultaneously. Household sanitation produces compost; compost produces agricultural impact; both produce carbon offsets; operations produce research; research produces credibility; credibility produces funding and government trust. Twenty years of operations through Haiti's most severe crises have built institutional resilience few social enterprises could match. The January 2026 DINEPA Results-Based Financing contract — the first government-funded CBS contract globally — marks a shift from donor-dependent project to publicly financed infrastructure, the most difficult transition in social enterprise (Haiti Global First). Key gaps remain: 93% grant dependence, unresolved unit economics at sub-city scale, and pending systematic health outcome data. But SOIL's blended model (user fees, government RBF, carbon, compost, philanthropy) mirrors how sanitation is financed globally. If scale reaches 8,000 households, the model becomes compelling for national government adoption.

Synopsis

• Integrated circular model where every activity serves multiple outcomes.
• Unique research credibility underpins operations, funding, and policy.
• Institutional resilience built through two decades of Haitian crisis.
• First-ever government RBF contract signals transition to public infrastructure.
• Blended revenue model mirrors global sanitation financing norms.
• 93% grant dependence and sub-scale unit economics remain central risks.
• Scale to 8,000 households is the inflection point for systemic adoption.